Gases

Gas is one of the three classical states of matter. As heat is added to this substance it melts into a liquid at its melting point, boils into a gas at its boiling point, and if heated high enough would enter a plasma state in which the electrons are so energized that they leave their parent atoms from within the gas.

  A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas or atomic gas like neon), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (e.g. oxygen), or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms (e.g. carbon dioxide). A gas mixture would contain a variety of pure gases much like the air.

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liquid

Liquid is the classical state of matter with a definite volume but no fixed shape. A liquid is made up of tiny vibrating particles of matter, such as atoms and molecules, held together by forces called chemical bonds. Water is, by far, the most common liquid on Earth. Liquid is one of the three classical states of matter . Like a gas, a liquid is able to flow and take the shape of a container. Some liquids resist compression, while others can be compressed. Unlike a gas, a liquid does not disperse to fill every space of a container, and maintains a fairly constant density. A distinctive property of the liquid state is surface tension, leading to wetting phenomena.

A liquid is a fluid. Unlike a solid, the molecules in a liquid have a much greater freedom to move. The forces that bind the molecules together in a solid are only temporary in a liquid, allowing a liquid to flow while a solid remains rigid.

for more visit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid 

Solid

Solid is one of the three classical states of matter .
 It is characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume. Unlike a liquid, a solid object does not flow to take on the shape of its container, nor does it expand to fill the entire volume available to it like a gas does. The atoms in a solid are tightly bound to each other, either in a regular geometric lattice. 

Microscopic description

The atoms, molecules or ions which make up a solid may be arranged in an orderly repeating pattern. 

the movement of particles are in to and fro movement. 

 Almost all common metals, and many ceramics, are polycrystalline.

  These solids are known as amorphous solids; examples include polystyrene glass. and

Whether a solid is crystalline or amorphous depends on the material involved, and the conditions in which it was formed.

 Solids which are formed by slow cooling will tend to be crystalline, while solids which are frozen rapidly are more likely to be amorphous. 

for more info visit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid

Introduction

 State of matter

 

States of matter are the distinct forms that different phases of matter take on. Three states of matter are known in everyday experience: solid, liquid, and gas. Other states are possible; in scientific work, the plasma state is important.

 

Historically, the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in bulk properties. Solid is the state in which matter maintains a fixed volume and shape; liquid is the state in which its volume varies only slightly, but adapts to the shape of its container; and gas is the state in which matter expands to occupy the volume and shape of its container.

The state or phase of a given set of matter can change depending on pressure and temperature conditions, transitioning to other phases as these conditions change to favor their existence; for example, solid transitions to liquid with an increase in temperature.

A state of matter is also characterized by phase transitions. A phase transition indicates a change in structure and can be recognized by an abrupt change in properties. A distinct state of matter can be defined as any set of states distinguished from any other set of states by a phase transition.

The intermolecular forces created by ionic attractions and repulsions give these compositions distinct properties, for which reason plasma is described as a fourth state of matter.

 

The Matter is classified in to three types

 

1. Solid
   
2. Liquid
3. Gas
   
4. Plasma (newly found)