State of matter
States
of matter
are the distinct forms that different phases of matter take on. Three states of
matter are known in everyday experience: solid, liquid, and gas.
Other states are possible; in scientific work, the plasma state
is important.
Historically,
the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in bulk properties.
Solid is the state in which matter maintains a fixed volume and shape; liquid
is the state in which its volume varies only slightly, but adapts to the shape
of its container; and gas is the state in which matter expands to occupy the
volume and shape of its container.
The
state or phase of a given set of matter can change depending on pressure
and temperature conditions, transitioning to other phases as these conditions
change to favor their existence; for example, solid transitions to liquid with
an increase in temperature.
A
state of matter is also characterized by phase transitions. A phase transition
indicates a change in structure and can be recognized by an abrupt change in
properties. A distinct state of matter can be defined as any set of states
distinguished from any other set of states by a phase transition.
The
intermolecular forces created by ionic attractions and repulsions give these
compositions distinct properties, for which reason plasma is described as a
fourth state of matter.
The Matter is classified in to three types
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
- Plasma (newly found)
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